Bushs Speech to the Nation: Regaining Confidence :: Essays Papers

Bush's Speech to the Nation: Regaining Confidence On September 11 2001, the American public's image of continental security was shattered in the form of terrorist hijacked passenger planes slamming first into the world trade center towers in New York and then the Pentagon in Washington DC. America prior to the incident had been a peaceful unsuspecting economic giant. "Americans have known wars -- but for the past 136 years, they have been wars on foreign soil, except for one Sunday in 1941" (Bush par.11). The week following the suicide jet liner attacks found Americans filled with anger, fear, and a missing sense of direction. The public was at a complete loss concerning why the tragic act occurred and the steps that were being taken to overcome it. Only nine days after the attack, the public got its answers in the form of a presidential speech given from the capitol building in Washington DC. On September 20 2001, President George W. Bush's speech regained the public's confidence by speaking of justice, public safety, and unity. The most predominant strategy Bush uses to gain civic confidence is letting the public know justice will be delivered: "Our grief has turned to anger, and anger to resolution. Whether we bring our enemies to justice, or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done" (par.5). This quote from Bush gives insight into why justice is an important topic for bringing America alive. Knowing the public is enraged and has revenge on its' mind, Bush shows a similar determination. In doing so, he reassures society that vengeance is on the right path. Bush makes the ultimate demands on the network of terrorist believed to be responsible, creating confidence from the publics desire for retribution: "Close immediately and permanently every terrorist training camp in Afghanistan, and hand over every terrorist, and every person in their support structure, to appropriate authorities. (Applause.) Give the United States full access to terrorist training camps, so we can make sure they are no longer operating. These demands are not open to negotiation or discussion"(par.21). According to former FBI agent G. Gordon Liddy, these requests are successful at reassuring the public because unconditional surrender is a convincing way to communicate to Americans that the President means business: "General U.S. 'Unconditional Surrender' Grant received unconditional surrender from General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House to end America's bloodiest war. Such was never the goal in Vietnam or the Gulf War.

Physiological and psychological responses Essay

Attainment tests are an important aspect of measuring knowledge demonstrated or the outcomes that following instructions in a specific program. Intelligence tests determine an individual’s abilities being a reflection of experience gained in other means not necessarily part of school curriculum. However, examinee performance in these tests has been noted to vary from one kind of environmental setting to the other due to a number of both environmental and examinee factors (Pinku & Birenbaum, 1997).. For instance, environmental factors such as climatic stress due to global warming have over time impacted greatly on the conditions under which psychological tests are taken. Test environments vary substantially from place to place and also due to the cognitive demands of an assessment task. Recently, there have been extensive studies conducted to analyze the impact of test environments on mental performance. Much emphasis has especially been laid on the test environments that impact negatively on performance in tests and which are responsible for the misrepresentation of the competence of one’s mind. Test anxiety Test anxiety encompasses the behavioral, physiological and psychological responses that reflect apprehension regarding a possibility of failing during an evaluative test. Studies have indicated that there is a direct correlation between test anxiety and poor test scores (Gregory, 1996). However, there are two categories of test anxiety: (1) those who suffer from interfering thoughts during an exanimation and which compromise performance; and (2) those who suffer from the inability to learn by organizing the necessary information for recall when taking a test. The first category is referred to as the interference model while the second is referred to as the skill deficit model. According to research, test anxiety due to the inability to organize and learn essential information could be enhanced by inadequate study behaviors. This leads to poor scores since the examinee never learns the necessary material and which is the most basic requirement for good performance. Thus, test anxiety in such an occasion is usually exacted by unpreparedness and not performance decline per se (Holahan & Culler 1980). With reference to the condition of interfering thoughts, high anxiety leads to responses and thoughts that are not relevant to the test and these occupy much of the processing space in the mind. Competition for processing space by these responses affects the test related responses that are important for succeeding in an evaluation test. This leads to poor performance as test anxiety causes problems in recalling test-relevant information learned due to the maladaptive responses associate with irrelevant thoughts. Studies have shown that the test examiner can help the examinees in handling test anxiety by encouraging and helping them to relax before administering the test. Preparing adequately before a test can help learners to avoid studying at the last minute which increases anxiety. Being at the examination room quite on time and thinking about what ones knows about the subject being tested rather than what one does not know also helps reduce anxiety. Concentrating on the positive rather than negative and irrational thoughts can help in maintaining the mind at peace and hence reducing anxiety. It is also necessary that stressful tasks or situations are not scheduled just before one takes a test. Climatic Stress The physical conditions in which an examinee takes a test has an immense impact on the test’s score. For instance the environmental conditions such as high temperatures and humidity in the tropical region where close to two-thirds of the whole world population take their tests are unfavorable. It is important to note that systems that can correct such imbalances are not always available to every examinee. In the tropics for instance, examinees take tests in an environment with high and uncomfortable heat and high humidity. Current studies indicate that environmental stressors like high humidity and temperate can by impairing mechanisms such as selective attention and short-term memory affect performance negatively. According to Auliciems (1972), the short-term memory is paramount for the basic processing of information during a test. On the other hand, selective attention is a requisite for performing successfully in a psychological test. These aspects of the mind are essential in enabling the examinee to rule out stimuli that is irrelevant to the test task especially when an examinee ought to think laterally (Gregory, 1996). Given their importance in influencing test scores, these two domains: selective attention and auditory short-term memory have been studied through the Stroop and Digit span tests respectively and found to impact negatively on performance if distorted. Incase of uncomfortable environmental stress, the administration can ensure a conducive environment by installing the appropriate corrective measures such as air conditioning systems. Other factors such as hostility between the examiner and examinee which can significantly distract the two domains or block concentration can be effectively handled by seeking help from a mentor or a counselor. This helps the examinee to relax and take the test positively. It is indeed important that the mind as well as the body work in the most conducive environment for impressive test results to be attained. References Auliciems, A. (1972). Some observed relationships between the atmospheric environment and Mental work. Environmental Research, 5, pp. 217-240. Gregory, R. J. (1996). Psychological testing: History, principles, and applications (2nd Ed. ). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Holahan, C. J. , & Culler, R. E. (1980). Test anxiety and academic performance: The effects of study related behaviors. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, pp. 16-20. Pinku, P. , & Birenbaum, M. (1997). Effects of test anxiety, Information organization, and testing situation on performance on two test formats. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 22, pp. 23-38.

Physics - 2327 Words

Experiment Picket Fence Free Fall 5 We say an object is in free fall when the only force acting on it is the earth’s gravitational force. No other forces can be acting; in particular, air resistance must be either absent or so small as to be ignored. When the object in free fall is near the surface of the earth, the gravitational force on it is nearly constant. As a result, an object in free fall accelerates downward at a constant rate. This acceleration is usually represented with the symbol g. Physics students measure the acceleration due to gravity using a wide variety of timing methods. In this experiment, you will have the advantage of using a very precise timer connected to the calculator and a Photogate. The†¦show more content†¦If the acceleration of your Picket Fence appears constant, fit a straight line to your data. a. b. c. d. e. 5-2 Press ENTER , and select RETURN TO MAIN SCREEN from the SELECT GRAPH screen. Select ANALYZE from the main screen. Select CURVE FIT from the ANALYZE screen. Select LINEAR (VELOCITY VS TIME) from the SELECT CURVE FIT screen. Record the slope of the fitted line in the Data Table. Modified from and reported with permission of the publisher Copyright (2000), Vernier Software Technology Physics with Calculators Picket Fence Free Fall f. Press ENTER to see the fitted line with your data. g. To return to the main screen, press ENTER , and then select RETURN TO ANALYZE SCREEN, finally selecting RETURN TO MAIN SCREEN. 9. To establish the reliability of your slope measurement, repeat Steps 6 through 9 five more times. Do not use drops in which the Picket Fence hits or misses the Photogate. Record the slope values in the Data Table. DATA TABLE Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 Slope (m/s ) Minimum Maximum Average 2 Acceleration (m/s ) Acceleration due to gravity, g Precision  ± m/s2 % ANALYSIS 1. From your six trials, determine the minimum, maximum, and average values for the acceleration of the Picket Fence. Record them in the Data Table. 2. Describe in words the shape of the distance vs. time graph for the freeShow MoreRelatedPhysics And Physics Of Molecular Levels1109 Words   |  5 Pagesconsider interaction within a molecule, which had three bodies at least, in terms of quantum and relativistic laws. Facing the fascinating, but, daunting goal, I would have to take step by step to find a practical path. Even I had taken theoretical physics courses and was familiar with special relativity, I did not know much about micro-scale theoretical work. â€Å"Define a problem is the first step for any project. If you are able to define the problem precisely, you are a half way to solve it,† professorRead More Physics in Sports Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesPhysics in Sports nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When many people think of sports, the topic of physics doesnt always come to mind. They usually dont think about connecting athletics with academics. 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How People Were Influenced By Their Perception And...

Numerous classic psychological studies and historical evidence show that identification with a particular group can lead to dreadful outcomes. From the 1950s, a consensus was widely spread among psychologists that tyranny triumphs because ordinary people carelessly follow orders and mindlessly conform to the powerful ones. A series of classic field experiments in social psychology seemed to confirm the idea of the banality of evil – a phase, which refers to the observation that people who commit evil acts appear to be unremarkable and indistinguishable from other members of society (Arendt, 1963). Sherif (1936) conducted a study on conformity. This experiment tested how people were influenced by others in their perception and judgement of the autokinetic effect. Sherif concluded that people when judging an ambiguous stimulus will rely upon others to resolve uncertainty – shared norms were created. Participants tend to compromise and change their opinion to resemble others in the group. Similarly, Asch (1951) carried out an experiment with not ambiguous stimulus – with an apparent, correct answer to a line judgement task. However, this experiment reached the same conclusions – even though, the answer was obviously wrong, participants were influenced by other group members and tend to conform to a majority. 76.4% of naà ¯ve participants gave a wrong answer in at least one of the 12 trials. Asch (1951) concluded that people tend to conform because of the normative influence -Show MoreRelatedTypes Of Norms : Descriptive Norms1501 Words   |  7 Pagesare the rules and standards of a certain group, which dictate how its members are expected to behave. It is possible to distinguish between 2 types of norms: descriptive norms, which inform us as to how others act in similar situations, and injunctive norms, which specifically indicate how an individual should behave. The individual will tend to conform to the norms of the group, and sometimes even disregard their own opinion or perception in order to fit in, as shown by studies by Acher and others

Analysis Of Uncle Toms Children By Richard Wright

Short stories were another way that Richard Wright was able to depict the poor social conditions of African-Americans in the South. African-Americans during the time period of Richard Wright were oppressed and were treated with violence by the whites of America. African-Americans experienced racial prejudices and humiliation everywhere, for example in Uncle Tom’s Children, Richard Wright relates his experiences with racism through playing games with white children as well as, through the violence and bigotry that he experiences at work from his co-workers (Annadurai, Social par. 5). The short story format of Uncle Tom’s Cabin allows for Richard Wright to discuss and portray racism in a very impactful way. With each story addressing racism†¦show more content†¦The latter of which is what Richard Wright chose but instead of using his violence physically, he used it towards his writings as a way to rebel against the oppressive whites (Ellison par. 22). Jim Crow se rved as a â€Å"great† way to oppress blacks by, making whites look superior and godlike to blacks. African-Americans were not seen as individuals however, they are marked by a preconceived notion and are judged on the basis of their race rather than who they really are. One person cannot change the way an entire community is viewed, they only way the community can be viewed differently is if the whole community changes. Some whites living in the South ignored the racism as a form of protection against it while, some whites justified their oppression of African-Americans by believing that African-Americans were simpler beings and their social conditions did not need to be improved, therefore, whites did not need to feel guilt about their actions towards blacks. (Ellison par. 47) It is through this oppression by whites, that they are able to keep the black population in the south below whites, however, when African-Americans moved away from the south,Show MoreRelated Contrast ing Native Son and Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay4128 Words   |  17 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper examines the drastic differences in literary themes and styles of Richard Wright and Zora Neale Hurston, two African--American writers from the early 1900s. The portrayals of African-American women by each author are contrasted based on specific examples from their two most prominent novels, Native Son by Wright, and Their Eyes Were Watching God by Hurston. With the intent to explain this divergence, the autobiographies of both authors (Black Boy and Dust Tracks on a Road) areRead MoreBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 PagesChange and Family Life, 1815–1860 This DBQ requires that students examine aspects of American home and family life between 1815 and 1860. The structure of the question provides three topics that can be used as a template for structuring the lines of analysis in their essays—westward expansion, the market economy, and early industrialization. A glance at the chronology sections in the textbook that conclude Chapters 9 and 11 should serve to demonstrate that numerous changes occurred relating to each ofRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pagesplease visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-silentspring/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 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Long considered the standard for all organizational behavior textbooks, this edition continues its tradition of making current, relevant researchRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structureRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pagescurve with equation x2 = 12/x1 . At the point (x1 , x2 ), the marginal utility of good 1 is x2 and the marginal utility of good 2 is x1 . Therefore Arthur’s marginal rate of substitution at the point (3, 4) is −x2 /x1 = −4/3. Example: Arthur’s uncle, Basil, has the utility function U âˆâ€" (x1 , x2 ) = 3x1 x2 − 10. Notice that U âˆâ€" (x1 , x2 ) = 3U (x1 , x2 ) − 10, where U (x1 , x2 ) is Arthur’s utility function. Since U âˆâ€" is a positive multiple of U minus a constant, it must be that any change in

Multiple discrimination and gender equality free essay sample

Anti-discrimination practice aim is to stabilize harmful effects of discrimination on children and young people to take actions against the discrimination in all ways. We shouldn’t be taken in in any kind of activities that could be realized as discriminatory or potentially insulting to individuals and in groups. The school must have the policies that give us the supervision on anti-discriminatory practice.important that we should examine our own attitude, values, and behavior. Our behaviour, attitude have impact while we are working with the children. It can affect in positive and negative ways. It is important to identify the person’s background and experiences which also have an impact on the development of individuals or group. For example, if we are looking about the learning of the children cultures and background, skills and interests and specific need of the child and young people this will help us to provide us more active, appropriate support as it will give us variety of information of different cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiple discrimination and gender equality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We will be able to talk in a suitable way. We will also be able to know about their care and the things they are involved in.Our behavior has a negative impact on the children. In my setting, there is a child who has always some issues with the other children. If he/she is working together they are not sharing pencils and rubber with others and have a dispute with other children while they are standing in a queue. If they are complaining to me about the other children of misbehaving. I should not be angry with them and should realize them that I feel happy when I am helping them and make sure that they are safe and happy.It is important that children should pass positive messages and information to the peers and their significance in the world to develop them the strong sense of self-respect. We should give respect to others values and beliefs. We should also make sure that we should help the extra needs children . We should help them by keeping ourselves in boundaries . We should give sometimes to handle their things by themselves. It is important to reflect on the methods in which our training can be influenced by the belief values and behavior and make sure we should give real and skilled support to the children and young people

The Internet Essays (1724 words) - Internet Protocols,

The Internet The Internet: How it Works and How it Effects the World Many people do not understand what the Internet is the power that it has over the world. The Internet is an extraordinary learning and entertainment tool that, when used properly, can significantly enhance a user's ability to gather information. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) started the Internet. It was a project under taken by the Department Of Defense (DOD) in 1969. It started as an experiment to link together DOD and military research including Universities doing military-funded research. The reliable networking part involved dynamic rerouting. (Levine 12) If one of the computers was under enemy attack, the information could be automatically transferred to other links. Fortunately, the Net is not usually under enemy attack. The ARPANET was very successful, and every university in the country wanted to sign up. Because so many people wanted to use the Net, ARPANET started getting hard to manage, especially with many university sites on it. Therefore, it was broken into two parts: MILNET, which had all the military sites, and ARPANET, which had all the nonmilitary sites. The two networks remained connected, however, thanks to a technical scheme called IP (Internet Protocol), which enabled traffic to be routed from one net to another as needed. All the networks connected by IP in the Internet speak IP, so they can all exchange messages. (Levine 12) Even though there were only two networks at that time, IP was made to allow thousands of networks. The IP is designed so that every computer on an IP network is compatible. That means any machine can communicate with any other machine. The Internet, also called the Net, is the world's largest computer network. The Internet is the network of all networks. (Levine 7) The networks are connected to big companies like AT&T, as well as to home computers. About 1,000 networks join each month. Every computer that is attached to the Internet is called a host. Hosts can be super computers with thousands of users, regular PC's with only a couple of users, or specialized computers, like routers that connect networks together or to terminal servers that let terminals dial in and connect to other hosts. Each computer has its own host number. Being computers, the kind of numbers hosts like are 32-bit binary numbers. (Hayden 32) Here is an example of a binary number: 1011010010010100100100101000 Binary numbers are easier to remember by breaking them up into eight 4-bit groups. Then each group is translated into it's Hexadecimal equivalent. (Levine 18) So the number above would translate into this: B.49.49.28 This number is easier to use and remember. Every four digits in the binary number stands for one hexadecimal number. Below is a list of each four binary numbers and its hexadecimal equivalent. To figure out the binary number in the example into its Hex equivalent is in this way: 1011 is the first four digits of the binary number. Looking at the table, it can be determined that its hexadecimal equivalent is a B. The second set of four binary numbers is 0100. That changes into 4 and so on. The first four numbers of a host number tells you what class the network is. The chart bellow states classes and sizes: Class First Number Length of First No Max No of Hosts A 1-126 1 16,387,064 B 128-191 2 64,516 C 192-223 3 254 Big companies like IBM and Apple usually have class A networks. For example, IBM has network 9, and AT&T has network 12, so a host number 9.12.34.56 would be at IBM, and 12.98.76.54 would be at AT&T. (Levine 19) Medium sized companies and universities have class B networks. Rutgers University has network 128.6 and Goldman Sachs has network 138.8 (Levine 19) Small organizations use class C networks. Network 192.65.175, for example, is used by a single IBM research lab. To make it easier the Internet uses names, not numbers. For example, the machine we have heretofore referred to as 140.186.81.1 is named chico. (Levine 21) When ARPANET first came out, they had simple names; the machine at Harvard was called HARVARD. But since there are millions of names on the Net they had trouble coming up with different names. To avoid this problem they created the Domain Name System (DNS). Host names are strings of words separated with dots. For example,